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Can Northeast Asian Countries Lead the New Waves of TNE?

Over the past two decades, South Korea, Japan, and China have primarily been importers of transnational education (TNE), with numerous Western universities, particularly from the United States and the United Kingdom, establishing campuses in these countries. Collectively, these three countries have imported nearly 60 educational enterprises while exporting only about 15 branch campuses. This stands in stark contrast to the US, UK, and Australia, which account for nearly half of the over 330 international branch campuses (IBCs) worldwide while hosting around 20 foreign campuses.


Japan was the first to experience this influx, with American universities attempting to establish branches since the 1980s. While many endeavors failed, some, like Temple University Japan, have persisted. China hosts the largest number of branch campuses globally, with nearly 50 since 2004, leveraging strategic locations like Hainan’s Yangpu Economic Development Zone. South Korea has also been active in this arena, with the Incheon Global Campus established in 2012 hosting several prestigious international universities.


Recently, these Northeast Asian countries are transitioning from importers to exporters of TNE. For instance, the University of Tsukuba in Japan has established a significant presence in Malaysia, and China has set up several branch campuses in Japan. South Korea, focusing on Central Asia, has implemented policies since 2006 to promote educational exports, resulting in successful initiatives like Inha University and Ajou University's campuses in Uzbekistan.


This shift reflects a broader trend of regionalization in global higher education, moving away from Western hegemony towards a more regionalized landscape. The increasing intra-Asian mobility of students and programs underscores this trend. Northeast Asian countries are now competing to establish their institutions overseas, aiming to attract top talent and enhance their global influence. The potential for these countries to lead new waves of TNE is substantial, driven by strategic planning, international collaboration, and a commitment to high educational standards.


*This is a summary of the article published on University World News in June 2024. For the original work, please visit https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20240618104056943

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